Notable Woman: Marie Elizabeth Hans

Occasionally I tend to focus on some of the notable women in my family tree and since re-starting this blog I wanted to write about their stories.  One such woman was my maternal second great grandmother, Marie Elizabeth Hans Waldspurger.  This is her story.

Photograph of Marie Elizabeth Hans Waldspurger. Personal collection of the blogger

Marie Elizabeth Hans was born 28 November 1850 in the tiny hamlet of Wibolsheim, which had been absorbed by the larger commune of Eschau, which is in the arrondissement of Strausbourg, in Bas-Rhin, Alsace (now part of the administrative region of Grand Est, France).  She was the second  youngest daughter of Mathias Hans, a day laborer, and his wife Elizabeth Kintz.  Having been born Catholic, she was likely baptized at Église Saint-Trophime, the parish church, though records are not available for that church online.  Her birth was registered in the civil registrations of the day, and was noted as happening at two in the morning.

Elizabeth, which was what she went by, can be tracked via the recensements de la population for Eschau until 1866, which was the last recensement done by France for her area.  After that, the region was part of Germany, having been lost to France during the Franco-Prussian War.  Elizabeth most likely saw some of the atrocities of war and its battles, having been so close to Strasbourg and Erstein.  In another blog post, I wrote about the war and its effect on the area, and on Erstein in particular, which was where Elizabeth's husband hailed from.  I have not yet done research on the rest of the Hans family to see if they were affected by any deaths due to the war.

Florian Waldspurger. Personal collection of the blogger

On 15 May 1877, Elizabeth married Florian Waldspurger in Erstein, a commune just eleven kilometers from Eschau.  He was a stocking maker five years her senior who was born in the commune of Erstein. How the couple met is unknown, but the marriage was likely one of necessity, as Elizabeth was four months pregnant with their eldest son.

On 11 October 1877, Elizabeth gave birth to her firstborn, a son named Edward.  A little over a year later, on 19 December 1878, the couple's second child, Eugene, was born.

Florian, according to family stories collected from his descendants, was not able to reconcile France's loss in the Franco-Prussian War, nor did he wish to serve in the German military or have his sons serve.  So the family took steps to start immigrating to the United States.  Florian left first, and arrived in steerage on the steamer Saint Laurent, which sailed from Le Havre on 3 April 1880 and landed 11 April 1880.  Passengers appeared to have been processed through on the 13th.  His place of origin according to the manifest was France.

Elizabeth soon followed with the two boys, leaving on the Amerique (click to see an image of the steamship), which arrived in New York on 7 July 1880.  She, Eugene and Edward traveled with a F. Waldspurger, assumed to be Florian's younger brother, Francois.  Elizabeth was pregnant again, and the travel was hard, as the following appeared in a New York City newspaper:

"The steam-ship Amerique, which arrived from Havre yesterday, met with very bad weather on the 4th and 5th. A dense fog which had prevailed for some 48 hours cleared up, and was followed by squalls of extreme violence which caused a very heavy sea, and the huge waves frequently swept over the entire forward port." ~"Abandoned Vessels and an Iceberg," shipping news, The New York Times (New York, New York), 8 July 1880, page 8

There is some confusion on the ship's manifest for this family, as F. Waldsburger is listed as hailing from Switzerland, Edward is listed as being 7 years of age, but was actually 3 and was also listed as hailing from Switzerland, and Elizabeth and Eugene are listed as being from Alsatia Germany.  Elizabeth is listed under the name Hans, which would make sense since France since the 1790 revolution listed women by their maiden names for life, and the trip originated in Le Havre, France.  What is unusual is that Eugene is also listed as a Hans.  Perhaps someone copied over the manifest incorrectly?  Attempts to locate the original French port manifest have been futile, although some manifests do exist for other trips.

In 1881, the family lived at 630 Division Street in Camden, New Jersey, just across the river from Philadelphia.  Family notes copied from daughter Mary Anna state that son Joseph, with whom Elizabeth was pregnant during the voyage, was born around this time, having been born 26 December 1880 and dying 1 September 1881.  Official documents to support these family notes cannot be located as of yet, if they even exist.

Florian continued his work as a stocking goods maker, as there was a need to it in the new world as well.  By 1882, the family had made their home in Trappe, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, where Mary Anna was born on 26 July 1882.  Their stay here was not very long, as by 1884 they were in the city of Philadelphia, where they took up residence at 522 Poplar Street.  This was the house of residence where daughter Emily was likely born in October of 1884 and where children Ernest and Elizabeth Regina were born, in 1887 and 1890 respectively.  The family attended St. Peter the Apostle Catholic church at this time.  It was just a block away from where they lived on Poplar.  It was here that Emily, Ernest and Elizabeth were all baptized and it was in the cemetery that the church created that Eugene and Emily were laid to rest.

Just a year after Ernest's birth in 1887, tragedy seemed to strike. On 23 January 1888, after trying to fight off typhoid fever, Eugene succumbed to the infection at the age of nine.  He was buried the same day at St. Peter's Cemetery, also known as Richmond Cemetery, in the Port Richmond neighborhood of Philadelphia. Almost six months later, three year old Emily contracted diphtheria.  She died from the infection on 11 June 1888 and was buried in the same cemetery as her older brother.  Funeral services for both burials were provided by the Wackerman Funeral Home.  It appears that nether grave is marked in the cemetery, as the family likely did not have sufficient funds to do so.

Photograph of Richmond Cemetery / St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery.  Taken August 2017 by the blogger on a trip to Philadelphia

In just seven years, Elizabeth had buried three of her children.  Fortunately, the remaining five children did survive to adulthood, which given the contagion that both diphtheria and scarlet fever seem to possess, is a miracle.

In 1891, the family lived at 1325 Crease Street.  Eldest Son Edward caused some worry when he fell down a hill while on a visit to Fairmount Park and struck his head on a stone.  He was taken to the German Hospital, where he was treated for a concussion.  Elizabeth was probably terrified at the thought of losing another child, but luckily he survived (it's a good thing too, because he's whom I am descended from!).

From 1893 until 1897, the family resided in a cottage in the Second Street Woods, a kind of unincorporated farmland area within the city limits.  It was at this residence that the youngest child, Clara Agnes, was born on 6 June 1894 and baptized at Saint Veronica's Church.

Around 1897, the family had scrimped and saved enough money to put a down payment on a farm, which had been Florian and Elizabeth's dream when they moved to the United States. Florian was also having some lung troubles from the soot and smoke that filled the air in Philadelphia, so his doctor had recommended the move to the country.  So the family relocated to Tylersport, a community in Montgomery County, where Florian was able to buy a dairy farm for a reduced price because it was supposedly haunted.  According to a letter written by Florian and Elizabeth's grandson, Don Best:

"An interesting note on buying the farm at Tylersport: It was offered at a very attractive price because there were rumors that it was haunted. Everytime a prospect would look it over, there were strange noises and rattling of chains in the house. Florian, not being superstitious, exposed the culprit: a neighborhood farmer in the attic who was trying to drive the price down even further! Florian caught him in the act." ~ Don Best, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) to Kelley Wood-Davis, letter, 10 April 2012

The family settled into the comfortable life of farming, and attended church at Saint Stanislaus Catholic Church in Lansdale, Pennsylvania.  This life of bliss was to be short lived.

Florian went to Philadelphia every month by train to pay the mortgage and collect money from clients who bought his dairy products.  By now, son Edward was living in Philadelphia, and Florian liked to visit him while in the city as well.

The morning of 2 September 1900 was no different, though he was running a little late according to family stories.  He boarded the morning milk train as it was starting to pull out of the station.  when the train stopped at the Hatfield Train Station, calamity struck, as the Hatfield Train wreck happened that fateful morning.  Florian was decapitated in the ensuing wreck.

Elizabeth and the children home on the farm did not get word of the accident until the next day.  Mary and Ernest were sent to identify their father's body, which was the last to be identified.  All possessions of value that he had on him, including the cash he had to pay the mortgage and the list of who owed him money, were gone, as his body had been rifled with by onlookers seizing an opportunity in the chaos.  He was buried 5 September 1900 at Saint Stanislaus Parish Cemetery in Lansdale.

Florian Waldspurger's headstone at Saint Stanislaus Catholic Cemetery, Lansdale, Pennsylvania.  Photo taken June 2003 by the blogger.

After the incident, Mary, Ernest, Elizabeth and Clara (since they were all minors at the time) were each awarded six hundred and sixty dollars from Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company in damages for causing the death of Florian Waldspurger. The children's share was put into trust for them, and as their mother, Elizabeth was entitled to the interest for use in raising them, which she gladly used.

Elizabeth tried to keep up with the demands of the dairy farm, but with only thirteen year old Ernest as manual labor at home, it was difficult.  With most of the family's ready cash gone in the accident, it was hard to keep up with the day-to-day operations, and the agreement that had been made by the previous owner and Florian Waldspurger for purchase of the farm had been rescinded when Florian was killed.  According to family stories, Elizabeth also had a nervous breakdown after Florian's death, likely due to the overwhelming stress of having to become the head of the household in such circumstances.

So the family moved to a home in Souderton that was located on Bethlehem Pike near Beans Post office and was across the street from a school where Lizzie and Clara attended. (This house was still standing in 2015 according to Google Maps.)

The Souderton Home - Photo taken years after they lived there by someone in the Waldspurger family, though date and photographer are unknown.  Personal collection of the blogger

At this home, which was rented, Elizabeth grew vegetables for the family and picked and preserved fruit from the orchard on the property.  Every year for the four or five years they lived here she would also raise a pig and she hired a butcher to slaughter it so she could smoke and salt it for the family's protein needs.   There was possibly also a hen house as well, so farm fresh eggs were likely a staple.  This was a happy time for the family, Clara in particular.

On 19 January 1905, at the urging of son Edward, Elizabeth bought a home in Philadelphia with the money she had saved, which included her own share of the money from the damages.  The house was located at 3291 Tilton Street and cost $1400.  The lot on which the house was built measured 14.10 x 48.6. She lived here with her son Ernest and daughters Clara and Elizabeth, and they lived next door to son Edward and his young family with wife Julia Vautier.

The Elizabeth Waldspurger family in 1904.  Photo likely taken in her backyard at the house on Tilton.  Personal collection of the blogger.

In 1907, the house on Tilton was sold, and Elizabeth moved to 3164 Belgrade Street, where son Ernest had taken up residence.  She was in feeble health at this time according to affidavits in the probate files for her husband, so it is possible that it was one of the reasons why she sold her home on Tilton.  Clara and Elizabeth, still being under the age of majority (which at the time was twenty-one) also lived here.

After Ernest married Katherine Barron in 1915, he relocated to Lansdale, Pennsylvania, which was still country living at the time.  Edward and Mary had already done so, taking up residence in the small borough with their families (Mary had married Charles Guertse in 1910).  Elizabeth soon moved out to join Ernest, living on R. D. #1 for several years.  She assisted in housekeeping and raising her young grandchildren.  Elizabeth and Clara again moved with the family, but both moved back to Philadelphia after their marriages.  Clara in particular did not like living in the country and tried to fight her mother on moving to Lansdale, but Elizabeth did not want her daughter living in Philadelphia by herself.  Clara was happy to be back in the city after her marriage to John Best in 1916.

Elizabeth Waldspurger with youngest granddaughter Mary Hughes, Philadelphia, circa 1932.  Personal collection of the Blogger

After daughter Elizabeth, known as Lizzie, married William Hughes in 1923, Elizabeth moved back to the city herself to live with the Hughes family.  This was particularly useful when William suffered from a series of ill health and accidents that caused Lizzie to become the main source of income.  Elizabeth stepped in to assist with the housekeeping chores and rearing of the couple's three children while William recovered and Lizzie worked.  The family lived at 3345 Rand Street, not too far from the Best family, so Elizabeth's Best and Hughes grandchildren remembered fondly their visits with their grandmother.  Don Best remembers his grandmother as a robust woman during this time, so it appears she recovered from whatever caused her feeble health in the decade or two prior.

Elizabeth Waldspurger with both of her sons and their wives, circa 1932.  Personal collection of the blogger.

The Waldspurger and Guretse families out in Lansdale also remembered their grandmother, who made visits by train to see them.  She loved her children, grand children, and even the great-grandchildren she got to meet.

Elizabeth Waldspurger with son Edward, grandson William "Bill" and great-grandson William "Billy," c. 1932.  Personal collection of the blogger.

Elizabeth Waldspurger with son Edward, grandson Florian and great-grandson "Junie" c 1934/1935.  This is likely one of the last photographs taken of her.

Marie Elizabeth Hans Waldspurger took ill again the last few weeks of her life.  She died at the Hughes home on Rand Street from arteriosclerosis on 28 July 1935 at the age of 84 years old.  Also contributing to her death was a chronic intestinal obstruction.  The informant was a woman by the name of Frances Weber, of 311 Sommerville Avenue, but as of yet there is nothing known about the nature of her relationship to Elizabeth.

Elizabeth was buried in the same plot as her husband at Saint Stanislaus Cemetery three days later, but to this day no headstone marks her final resting place.  She had outlived Florianby 34 years, and had managed to be the glue that kept her family together in the times of tragedy.

One family story I have disproven by means of research in regards to my great-great-grandmother was her ability to speak several languages.  According to some of her grandchildren, Elizabeth spoke strictly German and never understood English.  However, several Federal Census enumerations list her as being able to read and write in English, though her mother tongue was litsed as German for some enumerations, and the 1930 census for the United States states her mother tongue was French (also some of the enumerations for her children list their mother's native tongue as both German and French depending on the year).  Given that no one could agree on her language with any consistency, I am inclined to believe she spoke German and French with a great degree of fluency and had learned English by the time of her death.

Sources Used
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Best, Don (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) to Kelley Wood-Davis. Letter. 10 April 2012. Collection of Don's Best's letters, privately held by Wood-Davis,

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Edward Charles Waldspurger, declaration of intention, case 12316 (1912); and petition of naturalization, case 22673 (1916); digital images provided by Ancestry.com's database "Pennsylvania, Federal Naturalization Records, 1795-1931," citing Naturalization Petitions for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1795-1930; RG 21, Series M1522. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. Roll 130: Petition Nos 22411-22800, Arrived in New York on or about the 1 day of July 1880 aboard the ship "Amerique" from Havre, France.

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Philadelphia Roman Catholic Parish Baptisms," database online with images, Find My Past (www.findmypast.com : accessed 9 September 2018), Entry for Aemilia Wallsburger, baptized 10 May 1885; referencing St Peter the Apostle Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania baptisms, entry 192, film number 130.02; citing Archdiocese of Philadelphia parish registers.

"Philadelphia Roman Catholic Parish Baptisms," database online with images, Find My Past (www.findmypast.com : accessed 29 April 2017), Entry for Clara Waldspurger, baptized 9 Dec 1894 at St. Veronica's Parish; volume I-III, line 948; citing Archdiocese of Philadelphia parish registers.

"Philadelphia Roman Catholic Parish Baptisms," database online with images, Find My Past (www.findmypast.com : accessed 29 April 2017), Entry for Elisabeth Walzbuder, baptized 22 June 1890 at St. Peter the Apostle parish; Volume IV-VI, line 269; citing Archdiocese of Philadelphia parish registers.

"Philadelphia Roman Catholic Parish Baptisms," database online with images, Find My Past (www.findmypast.com : accessed 29 April 2017), Entry for Ernestus Waldsburger, baptized 03 Apr 1887 at St. Peter the Apostle Parish; Volume IV-VI, line 3119; citing Archdiocese of Philadelphia parish registers.

"Real Estate News," The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 30 January 1905, page 14; "Tilton st, 3291 - Wm Ribble to Elizabeth Waldspurger: Jan 19, '05; 14.10 x 48.6 .. 1,400"; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 8 June 2017).

"Real Estate News," notice, The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 28 November 1907, Page 7. "Tilton. 3291 - Elizabeth Waldspurger to Louis Goodovicz, Nov 8, 1907, 14.10X48.6............ $1200"; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 31 May 2017).

Recensement de 1851 (1851 Census), Département du Bas-Rhin, Arrondissement de Strausbourg, Canton de Geispolsheim, Commune de Eschau, images 38 and 39, household no. 37, family no. 38, individuals 1107-116, Family of Matthias Hans; digital images, La Direction des Archives du Département du Bas-Rhin, Archives Départementales du Bas Rhin (http://archives.bas-rhin.fr/recensements-population : accessed 9 September 2016).

Recensement de 1856 (1856 Census), Département du Bas-Rhin, Arrondissement de Strausbourg, Canton de Geispolsheim, Commune de Eschau, images 20 and 21, household no. 35, family no. 37, individuals 158-166, Family of Matthias Hans; digital images, La Direction des Archives du Département du Bas-Rhin, Archives Départementales du Bas Rhin (http://archives.bas-rhin.fr/recensements-population : accessed 11 September 2016).

Recensement de 1861 (Census of 1861), Département du Bas-Rhin, Arrondissement de Strausbourg, Canton de Geispolsheim, Commune de Eschau, image 21, household no. 39, family no. 287, individuals 1163-1169, Family of Matthias Hans; digital images, La Direction des Archives du Département du Bas-Rhin, Archives Départementales du Bas Rhin (http://archives.bas-rhin.fr/recensements-population : accessed 11 September 2016).

Recensement de 1866 (Census of 1866), Département du Bas-Rhin, Arrondissement de Strausbourg, Canton de Geispolsheim, Commune de Eschau, image 21, household no. 28, family no. 37, individuals 1175-1178, family of Matthias Hans; digital images, La Direction des Archives du Département du Bas-Rhin, Archives Départementales du Bas Rhin (http://archives.bas-rhin.fr/recensements-population : accessed 11 September 2016).

"U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 4 September 2016), Entry for Florian Woldspurger; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, City Directory, 1885; p 1888; "Woldspurger Florian, laborer, h r 522 Polar"; citing a collection of directories for U.S. cities and counties in various years.

"U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 4 September 2016), Entry for Florian Waldspurger; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, City Directory, 1886; page 1776; "Waldspurger Florian, knit goods, r 522 Poplar"; citing a collection of directories for U.S. cities and counties in various years. 

"U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 4 September 2016), Entry for Florlan Waldspurger; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, City Directory, 1891; p. 1917; "Waldspurger Florian, knitter, h r 522 Poplar"; citing a collection of directories for U.S. cities and counties in various years.

Walspurger entry, Return of Births in the City of Philadelphia 1860-1903, fn 5873: Month of Feb and March 1890, return for L.P. Reimann, M.D., Philadelphia City Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

William Francis Hughes and Elizabeth Regina Waldspurger, marriage, (27 June 1923), Application for Marriage License and Certificate of Marriage: no. 37617; Montgomery County Archival Records Department, Norristown, Pennsylvania.

The Franco-Prussian War and Its Impact on my Alsatian family

In the last blog I typed I wrote about Alsace and its history, particularly the commune of Erstein where my great-grandfather and his father were both born.

I also hinted that the Franco-Prussian war was a blog all on its own, and was one of the reasons why I feel my family, though ethnically German, was more French than German.

While I love history in general, my forte is and has always been American History, particularly the Civil War.  As a child, European history kind of bored me (Sorry!) and I wasn't good at memorizing European history dates and the like as I was American events in history.  But after doing a great deal of extensive research on this side of the pond, I knew it was time to begin to focus my attention across the Atlantic as to why my European ancestors immigrated to the United States in the first place.

Since historically, my Waldspurgers were the LAST to cross the pond genealogically, they seem to be the first for my focus.  I actually was researching the area of Lorraine, as my ancestor Dominique Vautier was from that region, but the same works that focused on Lorraine also by default seem to include Alsace, so it just naturally evolved from research on Lorraine and Alsace to that of just Alsace at the moment.  Some future blog will likely tell the story of Dominique and the French Revolution.

Anyways, on to the Franco-Prussian War.

Alsace became a part of France in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia, although parts of it were not joined until as late as 1670 or later, including Erstein, where Florian Waldspurger was born, and Eschau, where his wife Elizabeth Marie Hans was born.

But Germans never forgot their kin across the Rhine River.  After all, most Alsatians are ethnically German, even if some chose not to see it that way.

There was, as there always seems to be throughout history, some political drama going on in Europe.  After the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 was settled with the Peace of Prague, Prussia annexed several German states after signing the Augustbündnis (August contract).  It created a German federal state known as the North German Confederation.  The brain behind this was Minister President of Prussia Otto Von Bismarck.  While not all of the small German states had yet joined, Prussia hoped one day to unite all Germanic peoples into one empire.

France, on the other hand, was alarmed at the power the Germans were amassing.  They were afraid that should all of Germany unite into one empire, it would disrupt the balance of power in Europe, which was always delicately balanced.  They were also afraid because not only did they share a border with the German state of Baden, which hadn't joined the Confederation yet, but also had Germanic peoples living in the region of Alsace, which some Germans considered part of Germany.  France was afraid that Bismarck would seek to unite Alsace with the rest of the Germanic people in one empire.

There was also the fact that Europe was too small for the political powers of Germany and France to co-exist peacefully, and the rest of Europe seemed to realize that.

Another bit of drama was the small matter of the Spanish Succession.  In 1868, the Spanish government under the reign of the reactionary and ultramontane queen Isabel II was overturned and a new leader of the Spanish government needed to be picked, as the revolutionaries who overthrew Isabel lacked leadership to govern.  Several candidates from throughout Europe were nominated and debated as her successor, including her son Alfonso, who was France's pick, and Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern, who was Germany's pick.  For several months, speculations and rumors flew, including one that Leopold, a Prussian prince, had accepted the nomination as king and was about to be crowned.  France, angry at the thought of sharing a border with two Prussian-controlled countries, declared war on the North German Confederation on 16 July 1870, before the Spanish Succession issue was even resolved (Leopold actually had to withdraw from the nomination).

France was counting on support from Austria if the North German Confederation attacked, but Bismarck was shrewd.  He convinced Russia to ally itself to Germany.  Because of this alliance, Russia was able to prevent Austria from helping France during the conflict, as Russia threatened to mobilize troops and send them into Galicia should Austria attack Germany.

By 22 August 1870, the Prussians had invaded the town of Erstein.  They made demands of the citizens for requisitions, including 6000 cigars, food to feed nearly 150,000 troops, and other forage.  The tiny town, and other around, could not produce the required requisitions, and many faced punishments for the failure.  At the same time, the Germans laid siege to Strasbourg, and forced citizens in Ersein to assist in changing the course of the River Ill, which cut off a supply of water to Strasbourg during the siege, which lasted six weeks and cost the lives of hundreds of citizens, as well as thousands of soldiers.

While I don't know for sure what part Florian may have had in the war, I am certain he at least witnessed it.... as he was 25 year of age. Most likely, he has registered for the French version of the Selective Service.  I have an email out now asking the city archivist in Erstein if those records exist and how I might be able to locate them.

When an armistice was called on 10 May 1871, Prussian claimed the lands of Alsace and Lorraine as its territory in the armistice.  This claim was met with indignation from the rest of the powers in Europe, as many viewed the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine as a way to punish France for declaring war.  However, Germans saw it as a legitimate prize for winning the war.  They also saw the annexation as a way to keep the peace in Europe, as it would prevent French aggression in the future because the addition of both Alsace and Lorraine solidified German strength.

After the war ended and the treaty was signed, Germany had become an hegemonic empire, which later helped to set the stage for the World Wars that followed.  The Germans were ecstatic because their lost brethren that had been taken away into France had come back to the fold with the addition of the territory of Elsass-Lothringen to the German Empire.

But to the people living in this newly created territory, the idea of suddenly being German was not a good thing.  Germany sought to stamp out anything French.  Suddenly, German was the language taught in schools, and anything French was seen as an affront to the nationalist tendencies of the German empire.  This idea of German nationalism wreaked havoc on the Pro-French proclivities of the Alsatians who were used to having some autonomy in their lives.  The Alsatians in particular, while German ethnically, had thought of themselves as French, so the annexation was punishment for them.

Elizabeth Marie Hans Waldspurger
Florian's wife

Many moved away as soon as they could, but for some, like Florian Waldspurger, they couldn't leave their homeland right away.  Florian remained a citizen of Germany for eight years after the war until he had saved enough to migrate to the United States.  By then, he had a wife, Elizabeth Marie Hans, and two sons, Edward and Eugene.  On 3 April 1880, Florian left Le Havre, France aboard the mail steamer, SS St. Laurent, bounded for New York.  He arrived on 11 April 1880.  His wife and sons followed two months later, with an F. or J. Waldspurger (research seems to suggest this unknown male was Florian's brother Frank), aboard the steamer Amerique on 7 July 1880.  According to his grandsons, Florian vowed to leave his homeland because he could not reconcile himself to the atrocities that Germany had committed during the war, and did not want to remain under German Rule.

Edward Charles Waldspurger
 Florian's eldest son

The family settled in Philadelphia and moved around in the countryside of the counties surround Philly.  Florian renounced the German citizenship he detested on 9 June 1894 with the intent on becoming an American citizen.  However, he met with a disaster on 2 September 1900, when he was killed in the Hatfield train wreck.

Florian Walspurger's Renunciation of Germany, 9 June 1894,
Case number not listed, Court of Common Pleas; State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Personal genealogical research by the author was also used in this research, as well as the sources listed below.

Sources Used in Research
"Augustbündnis." Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. 2019. http://deacademic.com/dic.nsf/dewiki/113536.

Barber, Christopher Ernest. "The 'Revolution' of the Franco-Prussian War: The Aftermath in Western Europe." Australian Journal of Politics & History 60, no. 3 (2014): 334-45. doi:10.1111/ajph.12061.

Blumenthal, Daniel. Alsace-Lorraine; a Study of the Relations of the Two Provinces to France and to Germany, and a Presentation of the Just Claims of Their People. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1917.

"Later War News: Prussian Requisitions - A Surprise," The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), 22 August 1870, 1; Newspapers.com. www.newspapers.com

Smith, Willard A. "Napoleon III and the Spanish Revolution of 1868." The Journal of Modern History 25, no. 3 (1953): 211-33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1874741.

Putnam, Ruth. Alsace and Lorraine, from Caesar to Kaiser 58 B.C.-1871 A.D. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1915.

Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred. The True Story of Alsace-Lorraine. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1918.

"The War in Europe," Daily Evansville Journal (Evansville, Indiana), 23 August 1870, 3; Genealogy Bank. www.genealogybank.com

Wells, Mike. "Russia and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71." History Review, December 2006, 40-44.

Zimmerman, Thomas.  "Siege and Fall of Strasbourg." History of the Franco-Prussian War. 2008. http://francoprussianwar.com/Strasbourg.htm.

Alsace: Is it German or French?

My mother's paternal grandfather came from a small town in Alsace called Erstein.  He immigrated to the United States in 1880 as a young child with his mother and younger brother.  His father had already made the trip a couple months before.  Years later, my great-grandfather's nine sons had very loud debates about whether they were French or German.  Given the history of the region, it was no wonder they argued.

Alsace, or Elsass in German, is a small fertile valley of land between the Voges mountains and the Black Forest Mountains in Europe, located geographically smack dab between the two great nations of France and Germany. The Rhine river, now the border between France and Germany, runs through the region.  Today, Alsace is a French region, but historically it has been both, and both countries have very valid reasons for having laid claim to it over the centuries.

Because borders were often rapidly changing, the history of the region is somewhat muddled.  In fact, different history books often don't mention all of the varying kingdoms of which Alsace belonged to just because it changed rulers and kingdoms so often.

What is known is that what is now the Alsace area was inhabited by Celtic peoples called Gauls from from well before the modern era until the time of the Roman Empire.  The Romans colonized the area as well, and co-mingled with the Gauls.  The city of Strasbourg, in the Bas Rhin region, was founded in this period.  But by the fifth century, Germanic peoples known as the Alemanni began to cross the Rhine River and attack Gallic and Roman fortifications in an invasion attempt.  By 496, the Alemanni had been conquered by the another Germanic people, the Franks, under Emperor Clovis, and the area was on Christianized. By the ninth century, Alsace was combined into the kingdom of Lothringia and then the Duchy of Swabia.

In the twelfth century, Alsace was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, with who it would be united until the mid-17th century, passing from one landgravate to another.  After the Thirty Years War, Alsace was granted to the kingdom of France by the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 and would become French in nature for more than two hundred years.  The region also became a hotbed of Reformation and religious freedoms, and Strasbourg was known as the capital of these radical ideas.

Because it was peopled by the Gauls, the Romans, the Alemanni and the Franks at various points in history, both France and Germany felt a kinship to the people who lived there, who were distinctly French and German and distinctly their own culture all at the same time.  The upper classes spoke or at least understood French, traders spoke both German and French given that both traded quite frequently in that region, while most everyone spoke Alsatian, a High Germanic language.  While many had German sounding last names, they had very French first names.  In the case of my great-great-grandfather, he was named Florian Waldspurger.  He was also the father of the man who later had nine sons.

Florian Waldspurger

Florian Waldspurger was born at 10 at night on 5 May 1845 in house number 66 of the quartier blanc in the small commune of Erstein in Alsace.  He was born the sixth of nine children to a stocking maker (faiseur du bas) named Francois and his wife, Sophie Egermann.

Erstein was an old fortified town just along the Rhine river and is located just south of the capital of Strasbourg. In the Middle Ages, a Benedictine Abbey was located in the commune.  During the time of its union with the Holy Roman Empire, Erstein became part of the Archdiocese of Strasbourg when the Bishop of Strausbourg, John of Lichtenberg, purchased the landgrave of Erstein in 1359 for 32,000 gold florins.

Erstein, due to its proximity to Strasbourg, saw conflict during the Thirty Years War, when over half its population was wiped out.  While the Treaty of Westphalia ended the war in 1649, Erstein, because it was attached to Strausbourg, did not join Fraince until the 1670s.

During the late 18th and throughout the 19th century, Erstein was the location of a number of textile manufacturers, including stocking makers, but also was known for its tobacco farming.  A number of people migrated from other areas to take advantage of the manufacturing jobs.  In the case of the Waldspurgers, they immigrated from the small village of Dibolshiem, south of Erstein about 20 kilometers.

Some wonderful historical maps of the area can be found on Wikimedia Commons.

Erstein, and indeed all of Alsace, saw a great deal of conflict during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.  The Franco-Prussian War and the fallout from it was the reason my Alsatian ancestors immigrated to the States in the end. But that's a story for another blog.

To answer the question my pop and his brothers would argue over many times, ideally Alsatians are both French and German.  While culturally, the area is a mix of French and German, genetically, at least in the case of my Waldspurger family, they were closer to the Higher Germans and the Alemanni than to the Celts and Franks, at least  according to DNA tests done by myself and my first cousin.  But, as a future blog will demonstrate, the Waldspurgers were more aligned with the French ideals than they were with German ones, even if genetically they were German.

Sources Used for Research

"Alsace." Encyclopædia Britannica. December 31, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/place/Alsace.

Braun, Célia. "Histoire Et Patrimoine." Site Officiel De La Ville D'Erstein. http://www.ville-erstein.fr/se-divertir/decouvir-erstein/328-histoire-et-patrimoine.

"Erstein." Revolvy. https://www.revolvy.com/page/Erstein

"Kings of Lotharingia." The History Files: European Kingdoms, The Franks. January 02, 1999. https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/FranceLorraine.htm.

Putnam, Ruth. Alsace and Lorraine, from Caesar to Kaiser 58 B.C.-1871 A.D. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1915.

Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred. The True Story of Alsace-Lorraine. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1918.