Notable Women: Elizabeth Sunliter Young

From time to time, I write about the more notable women in my family tree, and recently I stumbled (quite literally) upon Elizabeth Sunliter.  She is one of my earliest known American ancestress, and she lived a neat life.  So I wanted to tell her story.

Elizabeth Sunliter was born 12 September 1782 to Peter Sunliter and his wife Elizabeth (also spelled Elisabeth).  She most likely was born in Passyunk, but could have also been born in Northern Liberties.  What is certain is she was born in Philadelphia County, and was the second born daughter of the couple.  Their first was also named Elisabeth, and while a death or burial record has not yet been located, it is very likely the first daughter named Elizabeth died in the year preceding this second one's birth.  Elizabeth was one of only two of the five children of Peter and Elizabeth Sunliter to survive childhood.  Her younger brother, Peter, also lived, but besides the first Elisabeth, son Georg and daughter Catharina also passed away in their youth.

I should note that the name Sunliter is spelled a number of different ways, all phonetically correct.  I have seen Sunlider, Sonliter, Sonleider, Sunlighter, Sohnleiter and any other combination..... All of which would be "correct" as there seems to be no standardized version of this name.

On 2 October 1804, Elizabeth married Johann "John" Young junior at St. Michael's and Zion Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, one of the oldest German Lutheran Churches in the area (it is still in existence!).  He was born about 1784 and the two met because it appears they were neighbors.

In twenty years, the couple had eleven children; Eliza, Mary, Philip, Sarah, John S., Peter Sunliter, Ann, Margaret, Catherine, Adam S. and Henry S. All eleven were likely born in East Southwark or Passyunk, as those were the areas John Young was enumerated on the 1810 and 1820 , and were all definitely born in Philadelphia County.  While it appears that the couple spoke German natively, as they were part of the huge German population in Philadelphia in the early part of the 19th century, they also spoke English.  They seemed to be founding members of the new English-Speaking Saint John's Evangelical Lutheran Church (their second daughter was one of the first to be baptized there) that was founded by some members of St. Michael and Zion churches and built on Race Street in Philadelphia.  It was here at St. John's that most of their children were baptized (and also where daughter Sarah later married Peter Vautier.... they were the parents of William John Vautier).

Like the Vautiers, the Youngs were truck farmers that operated a farm on the Neck, and their last name is mentioned in the same The Times article from 1891 in Philadelphia as the Vautiers that labels them "the Neck Barons."  John took over ownership of land Elizabeth's father left her when he died intestate in 1806.  The property was a parcel of land that was split with Elizabeth's brother Peter that had been bought by their father from Christian and Rachel Young (who may be related to John,  but I don't know for sure).  Deed records from Philadelphia are being attempted to be located to see if there was any other property.

John was a supporter of politics, and in particular was a member of the Democratic Republican Party, but he also appeared to have a drinking problem.  On 27 March 1828, he died at the age of forty four from "mania a potu", what would today be considered heavy habitual alcohol use.  He was buried at St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery the day after he died, next to son Philip, who had died from bilious fever in 1823.

Elizabeth was named administratrix of the estate, and took over her husband's properties and her own, while raising her family in antebellum Philadelphia.  After all, her youngest children were only four and six when their father died.  She never remarried, but amassed a small fortune in the decades after her husband died.  She sold off some property as well per newspaper advertisements, though it is not known if it was property she acquired after John's death or not.

Some of the pitfalls into finding information on Elizabeth (especially now during the COVID-19 shutdown) is that while the Philadelphia Deed indices are online for the time period, not all of the deeds themselves were microfilmed and then digitally uploaded, so some of the deeds for an Elizabeth Young cannot be ascertained to be hers without examination.  There is also the fact that Passyunk, where the Youngs lived, did not become a part of the City of Philadelphia until 1854, so many of them were simply not listed in the Philadelphia area directories available online because they were not residing in the city (though for some years some of Passyunk was listed... just not everyone...)

Elizabeth Young died from a disease of the lungs on 24 April 1846 at the age of 63 on Girard's farm in Passyunk, Philadelphia.  She had outlived her husband by nearly twenty years.  She was buried two days later at Philanthropic Cemetery (another now defunct cemetery).

In her will, she left farm implements and the crop that had been planted to son John, instructed her executors to purchase furniture for not-yet-married Catherine, and then split the remainder of her estate between her ten children, with the caveat that those  heirs who owed her money would have it taken from their share of the inheritance.

Sources Used:
"140th Regiment Militia: Philadelphia County - Moyamensing Township," Aurora General Advertiser (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 2 June 1807, page 2; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 14 April 2020).

"1790 United States Federal Census," database online with images, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 16 April 2020), Entry for Peter Sunlighter, Year: 1790, Census Place: Mojamensing and Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Series: M637, Roll: 9, Page: 255, Image: 547, and Family History Library Film: 0568149; citing First Census of the United States, 1790 (NARA microfilm publication M637, 12 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"1810 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for Jno Young, Year: 1810, Census Place: East Southwark Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Roll: 56, Page: 135, Image: 00194, and Family History Library Film: 0193682; citing Third Census of the United States, 1810. (NARA microfilm publication M252, 71 rolls). Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"1820 United States Federal Census," online database, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 13 April 2020), Entry for John Young and household, 1820 U S Census, Census Place: Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Page: 142, NARA Roll: M33_110, and Image: 407; citing Fourth Census of the United States, 1820. (NARA microfilm publication M33, 142 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"1830 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 12 April 2020), Entry for Elizabeth Young and faily, 1830, Census Place: Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Series: M19, Roll: 157, Page: 314, and Family History Library Film: 0020631; citing Fifth Census of the United States, 1830. (NARA microfilm publication M19, 201 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"1840 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 12 April 2020), Entry for Elizabeth Young and family, Year: 1840, Census Place: Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Roll: 491, Page: 179, and Family History Library Film: 0020556; citing Sixth Census of the United States, 1840. (NARA microfilm publication M704, 580 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"At Private Sale," advertisement, Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 22 July 1841, page 3; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 20 April 2020).

"Democratic Republican Meeting," legislative acts or legal proceedings, Franklin Gazette (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 19 September 1820, page 2; online images, Genealogy Bank (www.genealogybank.com : accessed 20 February 2020).

"Died," death notice, Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 25 April 1846, page 2; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 12 April 2020).

Ellet Jr., Charles. A Map of the County of Philadelphia from Actual Survey (Philadelphia: Charles Ellet, 1843); digital image, Greater Philadelphia Digital History Network (https://www.philageohistory.org/tiles/viewer/ : accessed 20 April 2020), viewed Passyunk township.

"Historical Society Of Pennsylvania, Births & Baptisms," database online with images, FindMyPast (www.findmypast.com : accessed 17 April 2020), Entry for Elisab Sohnleitner, baptized 26 Sep 1782 at St. Michael and Zion Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, Baptisms 1771-1784, page 182, line 122; citing Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

"Historical Society Of Pennsylvania, Births & Baptisms," database online with images, FindMyPast (www.findmypast.com : accessed 12 February 2019), Entry for Ann Young, baptized 21 Jan 1816 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets.

Ibid.  Entry for Margaret Young, baptized 27 Sept 1818 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets.

Ibid.  Entry for Mary Young, baptized 10 May 1807 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets

Ibid.  Entry for Peter Young, baptized 31 Jan 1813 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets.

Ibid. Entry for Philip Young, baptized 17 June 1808 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets.

Ibid. Entry for Sarah Young, baptized 11 Feb 1810 at St. John's Lutheran Church 5th & Race Streets.

"Historical Society Of Pennsylvania, Marriages," database online with images, FindMyPast (www.findmypast.com : accessed 12 February 2019), Entry for Johann Jung or Young and Elisabeth Sonleiter, married 02 Oct 1804, St. Micheal's & Zion Lutheran Church; citing Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

"The Neck Barons," The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 25 April 1891, page 8; online images, Newspapers.com (www.newspapers.com : accessed 23 January 2019).

"Notice," legal notice, Sun (Philadelphia, Pennsyvania), 1 May 1846, page 2; online images, Genealogy Bank (www.genealogybank.com : accessed 20 April 2020).

Osborn, Matthew Warner. "A Detestable Shrine: Alcohol Abuse in Antebellum Philadelphia," Journal of the Early Republic, Volume 29, no. 1 (Spring 2009), online archive, JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40208240 : accessed 20 April 2020), pages 101-132.

"Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1669-1999," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for the marriage of Johann Jung and Elisabeth Sonleiter (indexed as Sanleitam), 2 Oct 1804 at Saint Michael’s and Zion Church; citing Historic Pennsylvania Church and Town Records. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

"Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1669-1999," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for John Young Jr. burial date 28 March 1828, referencing St John's Church Evangelical Lutheran (Philadlephia) burial records for 1828.

"Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1669-1999," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for John Young Jr. burial date 28 March 1828, referencing St John's Church Evangelical Lutheran burial record, Removals to Laurel Hill (son Philip too).

"Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1669-1999," database online with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for Philip Young. burial date 26 Sep 1823, referencing St John's Church Evangelical Lutheran burial records for 1823.

"Pennsylvania, Philadelphia City Death Certificates, 1803-1915," database with images, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org : accessed 13 April 2020), digital folder number 004009791 >image number 454 of 582 > Entry for John Young; referencing Registration of deaths, 1803-1903; arranged by year and cemetery, year 1828: Mar-July, July-Sept, Sept-Oct, Oct-Dec, page 70, entry for Evangelical Lutheran Burial Ground of St. John's Church burials 22-29 March 1828; citing Philadelphia City Archives and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

"Pennsylvania, Philadelphia City Death Certificates, 1803-1915," database with images, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org : accessed 12 April 2020), Entry for Elizabeth Young, died 24 Apr 1846; referencing Philantrophic Burial Ground records 1846:11 April-27 June; FHL microfilm 1,906,484.

"Pennsylvania, Wills and Probate Records, 1683-1993," database with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 12 April 2020), Entry for Elizabeth Young, probate date 23 April 1846, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; will number 82, 1846; citing Pennsylvania County District and Probate Courts.

"Pennsylvania, Wills and Probate Records, 1683-1993," database with images, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 February 2019), Entry for John Young, probate date 1828, Pennsylvania, City of Philadelphia, administration files; Author: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). Register of Wills; Probate Place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Administration Files, No 21-86, 1828; Book N, Page 188, number 4.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Deed Book TH 40: 371-373, John and Elizabeth Young to Peter Sunliter, recorded 9 March 1813; FHL microfilm 21971.

The Vautiers: Truck Farmers of Philadelphia

"One does not need to go far to learn the names of the old neck barons. By a visit to the Lutheran Church on Eighteenth street below Passyunk any Sunday morning he will read their ancestral names on the tombstones in the old graveyard. They are the Shetzlines, Myers, Shislers, Vautiers, Youngs, Simons and Wilhelms; the Wilhelms, Vautiers, Youngs, Simons, Shislers, Myers and Shetzlines almost ad infinitum."

~ The Neck Barons," The Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 25 April 1891, page 8

One of the more notable families in my genealogy are the Vautiers, who lived in Philadelphia.  The patriarch of this family was one Dominique Vautier, who was born in Saint Aubin-Sur-Aire, near  Meuse, in the Lorraine region of France on 8 January 1766.  He immigrated to the United States at the time of the French Revolution as part of the French 500, and traveled to Philadelphia, where he married Marie Louise DeLaittre on 7 January 1793 at the Old St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church in Philadelphia.

According to stories passed down through descendants, Dominique was a gardener first in France. and was possibly even employed as a gardener for someone in the Second Estate.  There were many tiny estate farms in France, and since Dominique was from the Lorraine area of France, it is likely he worked on one of these farms.  He was listed as a farmhand on transcriptions of the passenger list for the ship The Patriot, and he may have even worked at one point or another for Count Jean-Joseph De Barth, as De Barth was a witness at the marriage of Dominique and Marie Louise.

The Vautier family first settled in East Southwark, south of Philadelphia, appearing on the 1810 Federal census enumeration as having lived here.  Southwark was a settlement just south of the city of Philadelphia, but no history can be found on the settlement of East Southwark.

By 1820, the family was living in Passyunk, Philadelphia County, on a farm that eventually came to be on Beggar's Town Road (also known as Magazine Road).  Dominique settled his family in the area of Passyunk that would become known as "The Neck."

The Neck was an area marshlands south of the city of Philadelphia that had been farmed by settlers since before the Revolution.  The Neck's northern order was the city of Philadelphia as it existed before 1854, and its southern end was the area where the Schuylkill and the Delaware Rivers meet. It was named for the way the land snaked by the rivers and its resemblance a goose's neck.  The area had a rural way of life that had existed for many years.  Much of the land in the Neck was used for some sort of farming of vegetables and livestock to feed Philadelphia's population, though that sort of agriculture in the area was a precarious business, as flooding was a possibility.

In the Neck's heyday it was almost a romantic place, known as a place of adventure, almost ruffian of sorts. Two sorts of people lived in this area.  They were known as the Neckers and "Ma'shers (Marshers)," and there was a distinction between them. The Neckers were the farmers who owned the farms that were situated on the best land in the neck.  The were the bourgeois and the truest of them had Revolutionary war hero blood running through their veins.  Their predominate trade was truck farming, and their produce and livestock fed the growing city of Philadelphia.  Ma'ashers lived in the lower lands that became marshes in the spring when the ice and snow melted, often in shanties that cropped up.  They also made their living, somewhat precariously, through farming, although they were also looked down upon as often being squatters, as they rarely owned the land they lived on.

The Vautiers were Neckers, although they could not claim to be the truest Neckers, as Dominique settled in the area in the nineteenth century.  Nevertheless, documents and family history suggest that he became prosperous, and the Vautiers became one of the more affluent farming families in the area.

Dominique Vautier died 27 January 1828 from paralysis, likely on his farm in Passyunk.  He was buried two days later at the cemetery at Holy Trinity Catholic Church two days later.  He died intestate, so his eldest son, Charles, became the administrator of his estate.  The total value of the estate of Dominique Vautier, late of Passyunk, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, was worth $1556.99.

While farmers were necessary to feed Philadelphians, the business of truck farming seemed to be looked down upon by the city of Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  On 9 February 1828, local truck farmers, including the sons of Dominique Vautier  (namely Michael, Charles, John, and Peter) signed a petition that appeared in the local paper.

"We, the undersigned, Proprietors and Tenants of Lands in the vicinity of the Southern part of Philadelphia, commonly called the Neck, having seen the report of a certain meeting, convened at the Commissioners' Hall, in the District of Southwark on the 26th of January, for the purpose of forming a Canal from the Schuylkill to the Delaware, which must be cut through many of our gardens, do hereby declare that we shall do all in our power to prevent it, by respectfully petitioning the Legislature of the State, showing that such a Canal would be highly injurious in many ways to our properties, running through and ruining many a poor man's garden, in some instances not more than 6 or 7 acres, for the support of himself and a numerous family; and that such a Canal is not necessary to the good of the community at large, but only may be serviceable to a few interested individuals. Signed by us, residents in the immediate vicinity of the site of the projected Canal."  ~ The National Gazette (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 9 February 1828, page 2

The Vautier brothers all owned land in the neck at one point or another, although locating the deeds from Philadelphia County has proven difficult.  The brothers all sold their wares at the Callowhill Market, located on Callowhill Street between Fourth and Seventh Streets north of Center City.  Peter Vautier, my ancestor, held a stall in Section 26 at the market for at least three years, according to the city directories, while his farm was miles away on Jefferson above Buck Road in Passyunk Township.

Farming and raising animals was not unadventurous.  In the Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12 June 1843 edition on page 3 appeared this advert:

"Five Dollars Reward," advertisement, Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12 June 1843, Volume: XIV; Issue: 68; Page: 3; online archive, Genealogy Bank (www.genealogybank.com : 23 October 2016 ).

It is not known if Peter found the cow.

According to reminiscences from Peter's sons William and John, the family woke up early in the morning and load their produce wares onto their wagon (or truck, hence "truck farming") and head out before dawn to the market.  The best way to get to the market was to travel up Passyunk Street from the farms to the edge of the then incorporated city and then travel through the labyrinth of city streets to the market.  By evening, the family had usually sold all of their produce, and loaded up their empty baskets and boxes onto their truck and traveled the same route in reverse to come home.  The round trip took several hours, but was only twice or trice a week.  The rest of the week, farmers spent tending their crops and readying their wares for sale.

Peter Vautier died from pulmonary congestion on 28 November 1860 at his farm, which had been consolidated into Philadelphia by the time of his death.  His widow, Sarah, either sold the farm or lost it after his probate (records have not been located for his probate, although there is a letter of administration) and moved around the city, having been listed at several addresses around the city between the years of 1862 and 1891, when she died on 1 October 1891 at 1224 Wisner street of old age.

Consolidation of all of the Neck into the city of Philadelphia happened on 2 February 1854. One of the reasons for consolidation was that the surrounding neighborhoods, known then as colonies of Philadelphia, were unruly places, and there was no proper police force to govern any of Philadelphia county.  Population in these colonies grew, and there was so much diversity.  As a result, there was also a great deal of unrest. The act extended the boundaries of the city to the whole territory of the county of Philadelphia.  What was once the Dominique Vautier farm by 1910 was owned by the Atlantic Refining Company, per maps available at PhilaGeoHistory.  By the 1890s, what was once the farm of Peter Vautier was built up into the city.  By 1955, all traces of the Neck were obliterated as the last of the farms were shut down.  The area that encompassed what was the truck farms of the Vautiers are now the neighborhoods of Girard Estates and South Philadelphia and the area west of those neighborhoods.

Sources Used
"1810 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 26 October 2016), Entry for Domique Vautier, Year: 1810, Census Place: East Southwark Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Roll: 56, Page: 134, Image: 00192, and Family History Library Film: 0193682; citing Third Census of the United States, 1810. (NARA microfilm publication M252, 71 rolls). Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

"1860 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 October 2016), Entry for Peter Vautier and family, Year: 1860, Census Place: Philadelphia Ward 1 Division 1 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Roll: M653_1151, Page: 52, Image: 56, and Family History Library Film: 805151; citing 1860 U.S. census, population schedule. NARA microfilm publication M653, 1,438 rolls. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.

Ancestry.com, "1820 United States Federal Census," online database, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 26 October 2016), Entry for Domonique Voleer, 1820 U S Census, Census Place: Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Page: 143, NARA Roll: M33_110, and Image: 408; citing Fourth Census of the United States, 1820. (NARA microfilm publication M33, 142 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Ancestry.com, "1840 United States Federal Census," database online, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 October 2016), Entry for Peter Vautier, Year: 1840, Census Place: Passyunk Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Roll: 491, Page: 181, Image: 911, and Family History Library Film: 0020556.

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Archives Départementales de la Meuse, "Etat Civil," database, Archives Départementales de la Meuse Archives En Ligne (http://archives.meuse.fr/search/home: accessed 26 October 2016), Dominique Vautier; Baptême; 9 Jan 1766; image 94; citing Baptêmes, Mariages, Sépultures , 1753-1768 de Saint-Aubin, Cote du document original : E dépôt 346 (1 E 15).

Blumart, Jake. "Lens: Finding Stonehouse Lane, South Philly’s lost neighborhood," online, PBS, Whyy (https://whyy.org/articles/lens-finding-stonehouse-lane-south-philly-s-lost-neighborhood/ : accessed 8 January 2020).

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"City Directories for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania," online database with images, Fold3 (www.fold3.com : accessed 10 February 2019), year: 1860; page: 1019; "Vautier, Peter, gardener, 84 Callowhill St Market, h Moyamensing av n Buck rd."

Egan, Maurice F. "A Day in the Ma'sh," Scribner's Monthly, July 1881, Volume 22, Issue 3, Adam Levine, Philly H2O: The History of Philadelphia's Watersheds and Sewers (http://www.phillyh2o.org/backpages/neck1881.htm : accessed 15 January 2019), information on the Neck and Marshers; reprinted online.

Ellet Jr., Charles. A Map of the County of Philadelphia from Actual Survey (Philadelphia: Charles Ellet, 1843); digital image, Greater Philadelphia Digital History Network (https://www.philageohistory.org/tiles/viewer/ : accessed 15 February 2019), Vautier farm on Beggar's Town Lane has been determined to be Charles Nichoals Vautier's Farm.

"Five Dollars Reward," advertisement, Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 12 June 1843, Volume: XIV; Issue: 68; Page: 3; online archive, Genealogy Bank (www.genealogybank.com : 23 October 2016 ).

Haney, Beth.  Gallia County Genealogical Society OGS Chapter, Inc., The French 500 : Passenger List for the ship Patriot (http://www.galliagenealogy.org/French500/patriot.htm : accessed 26 October 2016), "Vautier, Dominique, Farmhand, male, from Aubin, Lorraine, age 22".

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Philadelphia Orphans' Court, Orphans' Court records 1719-1856 ; Index 1719-1938, Book 32, page 110; Item 44; Settlement of the estate of Dominique Vautier, filed 21 May 1830; Philadelphia City Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; FHL microfilm 7726605.

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